Targeted Therapy
What is Targeted Therapy?
Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that specifically targets certain genes, proteins, or pathways that help cancer cells grow and survive.
Unlike chemotherapy (which attacks all rapidly dividing cells), targeted therapy focuses mainly on cancer cells, reducing damage to normal cells.
Types of Targeted Therapy
🔹 1. Monoclonal Antibodies
Attach to specific proteins on cancer cells
Given through IV (injection)
🔹 2. Small Molecule Inhibitors
Enter cancer cells and block internal growth signals
Usually taken as oral tablets
🔹 3. Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Stop tumor blood vessel formation
🔹 4. Hormone Targeted Therapy
Blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers (e.g., breast, prostate)
How Targeted Therapy Works
Cancer cells grow due to specific genetic mutations or abnormal signals. Targeted therapy:
Blocks growth signals
Stops blood supply to tumors
Attacks specific cancer proteins
Triggers cancer cell death
Before starting treatment, doctors often perform molecular or genetic testing to find suitable targets.
Cancers Commonly Treated
Lung cancer (EGFR, ALK mutations)
Breast cancer (HER2-positive)
Colon cancer
Leukemia (CML – BCR-ABL)
Melanoma
Kidney cancer
Prostate cancer
Benefits of Targeted Therapy
✅ More precise than chemotherapy
✅ Often fewer side effects
✅ Can be used long-term in some cancers
✅ Effective in advanced disease
Possible Side Effects
Though usually milder than chemotherapy, side effects may include:
Skin rash
Diarrhea
High blood pressure
Fatigue
Liver function changes
Side effects depend on the specific drug used.